In Costa Rica, foreigners enjoy the same ownership rights as citizens and are fully protected by the constitution. For legal and economical reasons, it is recommended that the purchase of real estate be performed through a Costa Rican Anonymous Corporation. This provides the anonymity which many foreign investors desire, making it difficult for outside parties to obtain information about who owns the shares of the Corporation and thus the property. Also, registering assets under individual Costa Rican corporations protects against any personal liability.
A common practice has been to transfer the shares of an existing company that owns the land to be purchased, instead of transferring the actual property to a third party. This is a faster and cheaper way to achieve the goal of transferring control of the property to the buyer, since it is the shares of the corporation that change hands. Also, no capital gain tax is paid in Costa Rica when a corporation that owns property is sold, due to the sale being a private transaction.
When you acquire the shares of a corporation in Costa Rica along with the company’s assets, the property also becomes its’ liabilities. For this reason, it is essential to perform a corporate search, in addition to performing a title search. This step will verify that the entity being transferred with the property is in appropriate legal standing.
Those who purchase in Costa Rica should receive professional advice from both a licensed Realtor and a qualified real estate attorney.